Cross section of a typical Giant Kelp forest in Central California showing distribution of common species and microhabitats associated with the forest (from Foster and Schiel 1985).

Microhabitats include:

  1. Canopy assemblages (isopods, tubeworms, and bryozoans).
  2. Planktonic assemblages (jellyfish, fish larvae, diatoms, and crustaceans).
  3. Holdfast assemblages (sea urchins, crustaceans, brittle stars, and anemones).
  4. Horizontal substrate assemblages (urchins, sea stars, algae, tunicates, and bottom fish).
  5. Vertical wall assemblages (coralline algae, anemones, cup corals, sponges, and bryozoans).

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